Politeness Strategies Used by Characters in Cinderella, 2015 Movie
By
Sendi Pamungkas
Gabriel Elishama
Ninda Roudlotul
Fenny Mahmudah
Aninda Violin Biru
Wijaya Kusuma University
14. OFF RECORD – INDIRECT
In
this film, bald on record strategy was shown by some characters, like, Cinderella’s
stepsisters and cinderella’s father.
Data
1
Lady
Tremaine : “I think that they are sleeping
hard because of narrow room.”
Cinderella : “Oh, my room is the biggest beside my faher’s
room. Perhaps, we can to share it.”
Lady
Tremaine : “What a wonderful
idea. What a good girl you are !”
Those
conversation shows off record-indirect by Lady Tremaine to Cinderella that is
she doesn’t ask directly about wanting Cinderella’s room for her two daughters.
She pretends to seem pity in Cinderella’s eyes. She makes Cinderella offering
her room for her stepsisters.
Data 2
In
this picture, Cinderella’s Father has a chit-chat with her daughter, Cinderella
when they are together in the living room. When Cinderella read aloud about a
novel which end up in happy ending to
her father. He tries to tell something about happiness to begin new life in
deliberately to his daughter. Below is clipped part of the film that showing
such politeness.
Cinderella : ( while read the novel ) “.... my wife and I singing to a great... And that ever the man happy on
his fortune....” . Oh I do love happy ending than you,”
Father :
“Ella, I conduct conclusion that... hmm
it is time?? perhaps.. to begin a new chapter”
Cinderella : “ Yes, of course, father.”
Father :
“ Do you remember when the time, I tell you that in my way I met Mr. Fancis
Tremaine?. Once, the poor man was died, Ella. And his widow is a notable woman
left alone... ”
Cinderella : “ You’re worry about telling me but you must not be. It is
for your happiness.”
Father
: “ Yes. Happiness. Do you think
that I can get one last chance?”
Those
conversation shows off record-indirect that is used by Cinderella’s father to
Cinderella that is he doesn’t tell directly about what he wants to the next
chapter of his life. He builds Cinderella’s idea to understand and offer a new
marriage life to him.
Data 3
In this picture, Cinderella with her
stepmothers prepare the dress that would be their use in the ball dance party.
Stepsister 1 (Anastasia) : “Ella, I want to look beautiful in
the dance party, I want to use the best dress that I have...so what is the best dress, Ellaa!?”
Cinderella : “of course you
have the one. Here is my stepsister....”
Those
conversation shows off record-indirect that is used by Cinderella’s stepsister
(Anastasia) to Cinderella that is she doesn’t tell directly about what she
wants to use the best dress that she has. She just wants Cinderella to dress up
her appearance.
Data 4
In
this picture, Cinderella’s stepmother and stepsisters are amazed watching Ella
has a gown for the party but they hide it. They just keep silent and pretend
that is not good and old fashion. That is called as off record in a form gesture (body language) used
for express feeling without any conversation happens.
Data 5
In
this picture, Lady Tremaine as Cinderella’s mother feels guilty and shy of
Cinderella’s kindness heart. When Cinderella is going to the palace with The
Prince. She looks backward and says that she forgive her stepmother. Yet, her
stepmother just shock and keep in silent with teary eyes. That is used off
record strategy in form gesture (body language) used for express feeling
without any conversation happens.
From
the data above it can be seen that some characters in the Cinderella, 2015 movie constructs politeness by applying four kinds
of politeness strategies; positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on
record and off record based on the 18 data. In the fourth data of positive
politeness analysis, the Prince applied positive politeness strategies by
including speaker and hearer in the activity, with the softener word and asking
reason. So that, he wants to create solidarity among him and his captain as
well as to satisfy their positive face wants, although he is a Prince, he still
use politeness to speak to the elder people as like Captain. The other strategy
is negative politeness which applied by Cinderella’s mother when she conveys an
apologizing to her childern. It’s because she wants to minimize her daughter’s
negative face (sad and litle angry) for leaving her very soon because of illness. Cinderella mother’s aim in using
negative politeness is supported by Brown and Levinson’s theory that negative
politeness is oriented mainly toward partially satisfying (redressing) hearer’s
negative face (1987,p.70). Talking about bald on record, Anastasia
(Cinderella’s stepsister) uses bald on record by uttering offer and attention
grabber to invite Cinderella to do something and grab their attention such in
the data. Cinderella’s stepsister which is telling directly to Cinderella
about ashes on her face without thinking
of her embarassment of it.
Last in the off record strategies, based on Brown&Lavinson (1987) off
record strategy has the main purpose of taking some pressure of the hearer. In
this case, the speaker shows an action a vague manner that could be interpreted
by the hearer as some other acts. Dealing with that statement, we found 5 data
in the off record such Cinderella’s stepmother conversation by Lady Tremaine to
Cinderella that is she doesn’t ask directly about wanting Cinderella’s room for
her two daughters. She pretends to seem pity in Cinderella’s eyes. She makes
Cinderella offering her room for her stepsisters.
After
analyzing and discussing the politeness strategies used in Cinderella, 2015 movie, we summarize that there are four strategies
of politeness used by the characters of the movie, namely, (1) positive
politeness, (2) negative politeness, (3) bald on-record and (4) off record.
However, those for strategies are actually applied by some characters
especially Cinderella in her effort to express her faith, kindness, and
affection. As it is disscused before, politeness strategy is to build the
harmony of communication when interacting in the society. In order to achieve
the aim of harmony of communication, people need to consider the social and
cultural event by using politeness strategies.
F. Discussion
Based on the analysis of the utterances in Cinderella, 2015 movie in the previous
chapter, politeness strategy reach on two major areas : Positive politeness and
off-record strategy. Positive politeness is the highest level of politeness
strategy which is building the communication in very politely way. Whereas,
off-record strategy is the lowest level of politeness strategy that the
communication can be occured without uttering words (gesture). In the following
sections, key findings are presented and discussed in the context of what these
certain type of strategy became dominant in the Cinderella, 2105 movie.
Positive
politeness strategy seeks to minimize the threat to the hearer’s positive face.
They are used to make the hearer feel good about himself, his interests or
possessions, and are most usually used in situations where the audience knows
each other fairly well. Almost all characters in Cinderella, 2015 movie show positive politeness strategy. This
strategy is mostly applied because at that time, the stratum influences the way they make an interaction
through communication each other in society. As well as this story moves
slightly on centric palace, which the attitude of civilians to the kingdom
family is should be more paid attention. There is a big status differences
between young and old people with civil and family-kingdom. The main character
of this story, Cinderella (Ella) is a civilian and young girl who has kindness,
sincere, and politeness itself. She mostly use positive politeness to
communicate with elder people and kingdom family. For example when Cinderella
communicates with the King, she uses positive politeness by uttering words and
taking a bow as a respect to the kingdom family. Another evidence is when
Cinderella talks to the elder people such as her mother, her stepmother, and
the fairy god mother, she always use the positive politeness. It means that
Cinderella as a young girl applies politeness when she communicates to the
elder people.
Off
record strategy is well-known as indirect strategy. This strategy uses indirect language and removes the speaker from the
potential to be imposing. It is known as body language or gesture as well. This
type of strategy is the second place which became dominant in this movie
because to save the hearers’ negative’s face. As like showed by Lady Tremaine
as Cinderella’s stepmother and stepsisters are amazed watching Ella has
a gown for the party but they hide it. They just keep silent and pretend that
is not good and old fashion. That is called as off record in a form gesture (body language) used
for express feeling without any conversation happens. Then, the other example
of off record strategy is applied by Cinderella’s father to
Cinderella that is he doesn’t tell directly about what he wants to the next
chapter of his life. He builds Cinderella’s idea to understand and offer a new
marriage life to him.
G. CONCLUSION
This study is aimed at finding the use of
politeness strategies in Cinderella, 2015
movie, moreover, is to find out the
types of politeness strategy and the intentions for all characters of the
movie. Based on the discussion on the previous chapter, there are two certain
types which became dominant in this movie, that is positive politeness and off
record strategy. There are seven strategies of positive politeness and five
strategies of off record. All characters of this movie, namely, Cinderella, The
Prince, The King, Cinderella’s father, Cinderella’s mother, and even
Cinderella’s stepmother and Cinderella’s stepsisters are showing these
politeness strategy both of positive politeness and off record when they are
doing interaction each others in society indeed it depends on the context
itself.
References
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Appendix
Resume of The Film : Cinderella,
2015 movie
Ella
(Eloise Webb) lives with her wealthy parents in a beautiful estate in a
peaceful kingdom. From a young age, she is taught by her mother (Hayley Atwell)
to believe in the existence and presence of magic, allowing her to befriend the
many animals on the estate, particularly the mice. Everything is perfect until
her mother contracts a fatal illness. On her deathbed, she makes Ella promise
that she'll always have courage and show kindness to others. Years later,
Ella's (Lily James) father (Ben Chaplin) reveals that an old acquaintance, Lord
Tremaine, has passed away and that he has chosen Tremaine's widow (Cate
Blanchett), who has two daughters of her own, Drizella (Sophie McShera) and Anastasia
(Holliday Grainger), as his second wife. Ella welcomes her step family warmly,
despite the stepsisters' less than pleasant attitudes and her needing to
protect her friends from her stepmother's cat, Lucifer. Soon after, Ella's
father goes abroad on business. Sadly, he becomes ill and also dies. This new
loss results in Lady Tremaine revealing her true cold, wicked nature. Desperate
for money, she dismisses the servants and forces Ella to do all the work. Even
worse, she gives Ella's room to the stepsisters, forces her to sleep in the
attic, and won't even let her eat with the family. One morning, after Ella, not
wanting to sleep in the cold attic, sleeps by the fireplace, her soot covered
face leads her stepsisters to dub her Cinderella, which Lady Tremaine (and even
Ella herself) calls her. Crushed by their cruelty, Ella goes for a ride in the
woods, where she encounters a hunting party. She meets one of the hunters
(Richard Madden), who claims to be an apprentice named Kit who lives in the
palace. Unknown to her, he's actually the only son of the land's dying king
(Derek Jacobi). Despite never learning her name, Kit (a nickname given to him
by his father) is enchanted by Ella's charm, kindness, and unique outlook on
life and becomes obsessed with her. Upon learning that he has little time left,
the King insists that Kit find a bride at an upcoming ball. Despite the law
saying that he must marry a princess, Kit can't get over the mystery girl and
talks his father into letting every eligible maiden in the land attend. When
the ball is announced, the Tremaine family is ecstatic at the prospect of
marrying into royalty. However, when Lady Tremaine refuses to buy Ella a new
dress, she fashions one herself from an old dress of her mother's with help
from the mice.
The night of the ball, Ella tries to join her
step family on the way out, but Lady Tremaine, claiming that her mere presence
will disgrace them, leads her daughters in ripping up the dress before leaving
without her. Ella runs into the garden in tears and encounters an old beggar
woman, who reveals herself to be her Fairy Godmother (Helena Bonham Carter).
She uses her magic to turn a pumpkin into a magnificent carriage, four mice
into horses, two lizards into footmen and a goose into a coachman, as well as
turning Ella's dress into a gorgeous blue gown complete with glass shoes before
sending her on her way with the warning that the spell only lasts until
midnight. At the ball, Ella wins the coveted first dance with Kit, whose true
identity she's pleasantly surprised to learn. This irritates the Grand Duke
(Stellan Skarsgård), who's secretly promised Kit to a princess, a fact Lady
Tremaine overhears. After dancing, Ella and Kit tour the palace and grounds
together, slowly falling in love, but before he can learn her name, the clock
strikes 11:59, forcing her to flee, dropping one of her glass shoes in the
process. She manages to get away before the stroke of midnight and hides the
other shoe in her room as a memento. Soon after, the King dies, but not before
giving his son permission to find his love. Once it's announced that every
maiden in the kingdom is to try on the shoe, Ella goes to her room for hers,
only to find Lady Tremaine waiting with it in hand, having figured out her
identity from her attitude after the ball. Lady Tremaine demands that Ella make
her head of the royal family and give her daughters proper husbands when she
becomes queen and when she refuses, Lady Tremaine smashes the shoe and locks
Ella in her room. She then brings the shoe and identity of the mystery girl to
the Grand Duke and talks him into rewarding her with title of countess and
worthy husbands for her daughters. He takes the shattered shoe to Kit, hoping
to convince him to forget the mystery girl, but this makes him more determined
than ever to find his love. The Grand Duke and the captain of the guards (Nonso
Anozie) lead a garrison to try the remaining shoe on all the maidens in the
land, all of whom are rejected by its magic, before arriving at the Tremaine
estate. When the shoe rejects both stepsisters, they turn to leave, only to
hear Ella singing thanks to the mice opening her bedroom window. The Grand Duke
tries to leave anyway but is stopped by one of the men, who reveals himself to
be Kit in disguise and demands that the captain investigate the sound. Once
Ella is found, Lady Tremaine tries to forbid her from trying on the shoe, but
is overruled by the captain. Sure enough, the shoe fits and Ella leaves with
Kit after forgiving her stepmother, who later is forced to leave the kingdom
with her daughters and the Grand Duke, never to return. Kit and Ella are
married and crowned king and queen. The Fairy Godmother narrates that they
become the land's most beloved monarchs, ruling with the courage and kindness
she promised her mother.
----- END -------
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